Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 匹

Modern (Beijing) reading: pī

Preclassic Old Chinese: phit

Classic Old Chinese: phit

Western Han Chinese: phjǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: phjǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: phjit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phjit

Late Postclassic Chinese: phjit

Middle Chinese: phjit

English meaning : one of a pair, peer; measure word for horses; to match

Russian meaning[s]: голова; счетный суффикс лошадей; [pǐ] штука (материи); счетный суффикс для кусков ткани; [pì] 1) быть в паре, составлять пару; 2) один из пары; одинокий; отдельный

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 23

Four-angle index: 754

Karlgren code: 0408 a-c

Character: 午

Modern (Beijing) reading: wǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)āʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)ā́

Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)ā́

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)ā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ṓ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ṓ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)ṓ

Middle Chinese: ŋó

Fanqie: 吳魯

Rhyme class: 麌

English meaning : the 7th of the Earthly Branches

Russian meaning[s]: 1) 7-ой циклический знак из 12-ти; седьмой; июль; 2) полдень, время от 11 ч. до 1 ч. дня; 3) идти против; 4) У (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 啎也. 五月陰气午. 逆陽. 冒地而出. 此予矢同意. 凡午之屬皆從午.

Comments: During Late Zhou also used as a loan for homonymous *ŋ(h)āʔ 'to resist; crosswise'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 24

Four-angle index: 2387

Karlgren code: 0060 a-e

Vietnamese reading: ngọ

Character: 升

Modern (Beijing) reading: shēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: tǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: tǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćɨŋ

Middle Chinese: śiŋ

English meaning : to climb, ascend, rise

Russian meaning[s]: 1) восходить, подниматься; возрасти; 2) поднять, возвысить, продвинуть; 3) шэн (мера объема, равная 1,03547 литра); 4) шэн (кусок материи в 80 ниток основы); 5) Шэн (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *tǝŋ (MC śiŋ) 'a measure of capacity'. For *t- (without fricativization) cf. Xiamen cin¹, Fuzhou ciŋ¹.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 24

Four-angle index: 2769

Karlgren code: 0897 a-c

Vietnamese reading: thăng

Dali Bai: sɨ5

Shijing occurrences: 50.2

Character: 卅

Modern (Beijing) reading: sa

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 卞

Modern (Beijing) reading: biàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: brens

Classic Old Chinese: brenh

Western Han Chinese: brjanh

Eastern Han Chinese: branh

Early Postclassic Chinese: bèn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bèn

Late Postclassic Chinese: bèn

Middle Chinese: bèn

English meaning : law

Russian meaning[s]: 1) торопливый; возбужденный; 2) см. 汴; 3) Бянь (фамилия)

Comments: The character originally probably meant "cap", although in this meaning it is usually graphically distorted into 弁 q.v. During Early Zhou the only attested meaning is "law" (Shujing), and during Late Zhou it is used for a homonymous word *bren-s "quick, hurriedly" (sometimes also written as 弁); for *b- cf. Xiamen pian⁶, Fuzhou pieŋ⁶, Jianou puiŋ⁸. See discussion under 弁.

Radical: 25

Four-angle index: 1967

Karlgren code: 0220 b

Character: 厄

Modern (Beijing) reading: è

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔrēk

Classic Old Chinese: ʔrēk

Western Han Chinese: ʔrēk

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔriēk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔiẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔiẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔiẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: ʔạik

English meaning : yoke-ring

Russian meaning[s]: 1) кольца (дерева); 2) голая кость; 3) трудный; страждущий, см. 阨; 4) узкий, опасный; 5) ярмо, см. 軛; 6) физ. сокр. эрг

Radical: 27

Four-angle index: 7053

Karlgren code: 0844 a-c

Go-on: yaku

Kan-on: aku

Japanese reading: yaku

Vietnamese reading: ách

Character: 友

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǒu

Preclassic Old Chinese: wǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: wǝ́

Western Han Chinese: wǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: wǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: wíw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wǝ́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: wǝ́w

Middle Chinese: ɦǝ́w

English meaning : be friendly; friend; companion

Russian meaning[s]: 1) друг, товарищ, коллега; дружить; дружественный; 2) относиться по-братски; 3) помогать; помощь; 4) Ю (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 譚長說假如比.又同志為友.從二又相交.

Comments: Etymology see under 右 *wǝʔ. For *w cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou, Fuzhou iu³.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 29

Four-angle index: 5970

Bijiang Bai: -jou3

Shijing occurrences: 1.3_, 34.4_

Character: 及

Modern (Beijing) reading: jí

Preclassic Old Chinese: gǝp

Classic Old Chinese: gǝp

Western Han Chinese: gǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: gip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gip

Late Postclassic Chinese: gip

Middle Chinese: gip

English meaning : reach to, be equal to, succeed; together with

Russian meaning[s]: 1) достигать; прибывать в...; 2) настигать; поспевать; быть вровень с...; 3) перейти к...; к, ко времени; переходя к...; что касается; 4) продолжать; 5) а также; и

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is cập; another colloquial loan is kịp 'to be in time, come in time'. For *g cf. Chaozhou kip⁸, Fuzhou kik⁸.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 29

Four-angle index: 6346

Karlgren code: 0681 a-c

Go-on: gofu

Kan-on: kifu

Japanese reading: kyū;oyobu;oyobosu

Vietnamese reading: gặp

Shijing occurrences: 15.2, 28.1, 28.2, 28.3, 35.1, 35.5, 39.2

Character: 反

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: p(l)anʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pán

Western Han Chinese: pán

Eastern Han Chinese: pwán

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwán

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwǝ́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwǝ́n

Middle Chinese: pwǝ́n

English meaning : to turn, return, turn around, turn against; on the contrary, on the other hand, in return, however

Russian meaning[s]: 1) перевернуть; оборотная сторона; обратный, противоположный; напротив; 2) бороться с...; выступать (повернуть) против; против, анти-, контр-; борьба с...; 3) восстать, поднять бунт; изменить; 4) возвращаться; идти назад; обернуться; 5) брать назад (слово); передумывать; отменить (решение); 6) возвращать, отдавать назад; 7) разбираться в своих мыслях, заниматься самоанализом; 8) выводить по аналогии; доходить до решения; [fān] опровергать; [fàn] 1) осторожный, осмотрительный; 2) приученный, привычный

Shuowen gloss: 覆也.從又ぁ.

Comments: The series contains words with *-r-, thus medial *-l- in the phonetic is possible. It is possibly confirmed by the old Thai loanword *plian B 'to change, turn' (probably from 反 and not from 變 *pran-s q.v.), as well as by ST data.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 29

Four-angle index: 5959

Karlgren code: 0262 a

Vietnamese reading: pha`n

Shijing occurrences: 1.2, 35.5, 54.2_

Character: 壬

Modern (Beijing) reading: rén

Preclassic Old Chinese: nǝm

Classic Old Chinese: nǝm

Western Han Chinese: nǝm

Eastern Han Chinese: ńǝm

Early Postclassic Chinese: ńim

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńim

Late Postclassic Chinese: ńim

Middle Chinese: ńim

Fanqie: 如吟

Rhyme class: 侵

English meaning : the 9th of the Heavenly Stems; be great

Russian meaning[s]: 1) 9-й знак десятичного цикла; север; 2) вкрадчивый, льстивый; 3) вм. 任 и 妊

Shuowen gloss: 位北方也. 陰極. 陽生. 故易曰. 龍戰于野. 戰者接也. 象人褢妊之形. 承亥. 壬以子生之敘也. 與巫同意. 壬承辛. 象人脛. 脛任體也. 凡壬之屬皆從壬.

Comments: For *n cf. Chaozhou zim², Fuzhou iŋ².

Radical: 33

Four-angle index: 289

Karlgren code: 0667 a-e

Character: 天

Modern (Beijing) reading: tiān

Preclassic Old Chinese: thīn

Classic Old Chinese: thīn

Western Han Chinese: thjǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: thiǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: thiēn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thiēn

Late Postclassic Chinese: thiēn

Middle Chinese: thien

English meaning : sky, Heaven

Russian meaning[s]: 1) небо; небесный; 2) бог, божество; божественный, гениальный; 3) естественный (высший) закон; природа; природный, естественный; натуральный, самобытный; 4) день; сутки; 5) погода, сезон; 6) уст. император; императорский; 7) лоб; клеймить лоб

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *thīn 'to brand the forehead'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 5031

Karlgren code: 0361 a-c

Go-on: ten

Kan-on: ten

Japanese reading: ten+;ame+;ama+

Vietnamese reading: thiên

Jianchuan Bai: xẽ4

Dali Bai: xe4

Bijiang Bai: xẽ4

Shijing occurrences: 40.1, 40.2, 40.3, 45.1_, 45.2_, 47.2

Character: 夫

Modern (Beijing) reading: fū

Preclassic Old Chinese: pa

Classic Old Chinese: pa

Western Han Chinese: pa

Eastern Han Chinese: pwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwo

Middle Chinese: pü

English meaning : man, husband; suffix for men in various occupations

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мужчина; работник; крестьянин, земледелец; 2) муж, супруг; 3) Фу (фамилия); [fú] 1) этот; он; тот; 2) начальное слово, часто абзац, в вэньяне ведь, вот; 3) конечное вопросительное или восклицательное слово в вэньяне, вм. 乎; 4) древн. диал. к, в, вм. 于, 於

Shuowen gloss: 丈夫也.從大一.一以象せ.周制八寸為尺.十尺為丈.人長八尺.故曰丈夫. [499]

Comments: Also read OC *ba, MC bü (FQ 防無), Pek. fú 'this, that' (attested since Late Zhou); its etymology see under 彼.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 5061

Karlgren code: 0101 a-d

Vietnamese reading: phu

Jianchuan Bai: po4-

Dali Bai: po5-, po3 (他), pɨ3 (那)

Bijiang Bai: ba4 (他), po2- (那)

Shijing occurrences: 7.1_, 7.2_, 7.3_, 54.1, 54.4, 57.3

Character: 太

Modern (Beijing) reading: tài

Preclassic Old Chinese: thāts

Classic Old Chinese: thāć

Western Han Chinese: thāś

Eastern Han Chinese: thāś

Early Postclassic Chinese: thāś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thā̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: thā̀j

Middle Chinese: thầj

English meaning : be too great, very great, grand; excessive; = 大 q.v.

Russian meaning[s]: 1) слишком, чрезмерно, чересчур; 2) великий; больший; почтенный, уважаемый; 3) астр. Юпитер; 4) Тай (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 4943

Karlgren code: 0317 d-e

Character: 夭

Modern (Beijing) reading: yāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔaw

Classic Old Chinese: ʔaw

Western Han Chinese: ʔaw

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔaw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔew

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔew

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔew

Middle Chinese: ʔew

English meaning : be delicate, slender

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пышный, разросшийся; 2) юный; нежный; свежий; [yǎo] 1) хилый; согнутый; 2) умереть в молодости

Shuowen gloss: 屈也.從大.象形.凡夭之屬皆從夭. [494]

Comments: Used also in the binome 夭紹 *ʔaw-d(h)awʔ 'beautiful'. Also read *ʔawʔ, MC ʔéw(FQ 於兆), Pek. yǎo 'to kill prematurely'. Since Late Zhou the meaning 'be beautiful; consider beautiful, love' was usually written by the character 妖. The latter also means 'ghostly, supernatural': whether it is just a semantic development of the original meaning or an independent word is not quite clear.

Since Late Zhou the character is also attested with a reading *ʔāwʔ, MC ʔấw (FQ 烏皓), Pek. ǎo 'young, young age' (possibly related to *ʔawʔ 'kill prematurely' = 'kill in a young age').

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 5007

Karlgren code: 1141 a-c

Vietnamese reading: yêu

Shijing occurrences: 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 32.1_

Character: 孔

Modern (Beijing) reading: kǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: khōŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: khṓŋ

Western Han Chinese: khṓŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: khṓŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: khṓŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khṓŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwṓŋ

Middle Chinese: khúŋ

English meaning : be great, much, very much, very

Russian meaning[s]: 1) щель, нора; дыра, отверстие; пустота; запал (у пушки); 2) Конфуций; конфуцианство; конфуцианский; 3) весьма, очень, слишком; 4) связь, сообщение; 5) Кун (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 通也.古美之也從乙子乙請子之候鳥也乙至而得子古美之也故古人名古字子孔. [584]

Comments: A later meaning (attested since Han and apparently reflected in colloquial Viet. hô`ng) is 'hollow, hole, cavity' (cf. 空 *khōŋ). Regular Sino-Viet. is khô`ng.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 39

Four-angle index: 6904

Karlgren code: 1174 a-b

Vietnamese reading: hô`ng

Shijing occurrences: 10.3

Character: 少

Modern (Beijing) reading: shǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: tewʔ

Classic Old Chinese: téw

Western Han Chinese: tjáw

Eastern Han Chinese: ćáw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćéw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćéw

Late Postclassic Chinese: śéw

Middle Chinese: śéw

English meaning : be few, little

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мало; малочисленный; небольшой; редкий; 2) немножко, чуть-чуть; поменьше, менее, меньше; 3) недоставать; отсутствовать, не быть в достаточном количестве; быть дефицитным; нехватать; 4) быть в долгу, быть должным; 5) снизить цену, уступить; [shào] 1) молодой; в молодых годах, в молодости; 2) младший; неопытный; 3) пренебрегать, относиться свысока; недооценивать

Comments: Also read *tewʔ-s, MC śèw (FQ 失照), Mand. shào 'be junior, young' (Schüssler does not distinguish between these two meanings, glossing both of them as MC śéw). Sino-Viet. has both thiếu and thiê`u, but they are semantically confused. For OC *t- cf. Min forms: Xiamen cio³, Chaozhou cio³, Fuzhou cieu³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 42

Four-angle index: 4053

Karlgren code: 1149 e-f

Vietnamese reading: thiếu

Jianchuan Bai: śu1

Dali Bai: śou1

Bijiang Bai: šü1

Shijing occurrences: 26.4_

Character: 尤

Modern (Beijing) reading: yóu

Preclassic Old Chinese: wǝ

Classic Old Chinese: wǝ

Western Han Chinese: wǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: wǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: wiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: wǝw

Middle Chinese: ɦǝw

English meaning : guilt, fault, blame

Russian meaning[s]: 1) еще более, тем более; особенно, чрезвычайно; 2) особенный, самый лучший, замечательный; 3) ненавидеть; возбуждать ненависть; 4) проступок, ошибка; быть виноватым перед (кем-л.); 5) Ю (фамилия)

Comments: Sometimes written as 訧 (thus in Shi 27.3). For *w cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou, Fuzhou iu².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 43

Four-angle index: 7539

Shijing occurrences: 27.3_, 54.3_, 54.4_

Character: 尺

Modern (Beijing) reading: chǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: thiak

Classic Old Chinese: thiak

Western Han Chinese: thiak

Eastern Han Chinese: ćhiak

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćhek

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćhek

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćhek

Middle Chinese: ćhek

English meaning : one foot (measure; = 22.5 cm), to measure in feet

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чи (китайский фут, 0,32 метра); перен. крупный (напр. о яшме); крошечный (напр. пруд); 2) письмо

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is xích.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 44

Four-angle index: 4854

Karlgren code: 0794 a

Vietnamese reading: thu'ó'c

Jianchuan Bai: chi1

Dali Bai: chi1

Bijiang Bai: čhẽr1

Character: 屯

Modern (Beijing) reading: tún

Preclassic Old Chinese: trun

Classic Old Chinese: trwǝn

Western Han Chinese: ṭwǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭwǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭwin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭwin

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭwin

Middle Chinese: ṭwin

English meaning : difficult

Russian meaning[s]: 1) собирать, накапливать; придерживать на складах, вм. 囤; 2) укреплять границы военными поселениями; колония военных поселенцев; военное поселение; 3) деревня, поселок; [zhūn] 1) трудный; трудности, бедствия; 2) скупой

Comments: Also used (since L.Zhou) for OC *d(h)ūn, MC don, Mand. tún 'to assemble, gather; military settlement'. The latter word has a colloquial Viet. reading dồn, and a regular Sino-Viet. reading d_ồn; it is etymologically related to 受 *d(h)uʔ (q.v.).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 45

Four-angle index: 7241

Karlgren code: 0427 a-c

Vietnamese reading: truân

Character: 巴

Modern (Beijing) reading: bā

Preclassic Old Chinese: prā

Classic Old Chinese: prā

Western Han Chinese: prā

Eastern Han Chinese: prǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄

Middle Chinese: pạ

English meaning : a big snake

Russian meaning[s]: 1) древн. боа; удав; 2) ист. Ба (княжество в восточной части нынешней провинции Сычуань); 3) надеяться, рассчитывать; 4) примыкать; быть приданным; присохнуть, пристать (напр. к сковороде); 5) суффикс для обозначения выступающих частей тела человека или животного; 6) разг. суффикс совершенного вида; 7) Ба (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *prā 'to be near, close'. Both words are attested rather late, since Han. The character, however, is a graphic primitive and may be archaic (during Late Zhou it is attested, but only as a place name).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 49

Four-angle index: 7119

Karlgren code: 0039 a